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| NWP Model and Data Flow | Matched Occultations | Map Plots | Monitoring Description |
NRT Monitoring: Operational Model Upgrades
A comprehensive list of operational changes made at ECMWF and the Met Office can be found at:
https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/documentation-and-support/changes-ecmwf-model (ECMWF)
https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/nwpscience/wiki/ModelInfo/global/history (Met Office - page only visible to registered users).
A selected list of changes relevant to GNSS-RO is given in the table below:
| Centre |
Upgrade date |
Upgrade version |
Comments |
| ECMWF |
18/05/2011 |
cy37r2 |
Tangent point drift used in the GNSS-RO operator |
| ECMWF |
15/11/2011 |
cy37r3 |
Aircraft bias correction should reduce ECMWF BA
bias in UT/LS |
| ECMWF |
26/06/2013 |
cy38r2 |
Improved vertical interpolation used in 1D operator. Forecast model vertical resolution increased to use 137 levels |
| ECMWF |
12/05/2015 |
cy41r1 |
2D GNSS-RO operator. Model changed to using semi-lagrangian interpolation, which reduced noise in the stratosphere |
| ECMWF |
08/03/2016 |
cy41r2 |
Assumed GNSS-RO bending angle errors above 10 km increased from 1% to 1.25% |
| ECMWF |
11/07/2017 |
cy43r3 |
Tighter quality control applied to GNSS-RO data |
| Met Office |
20/01/2015 |
N/A |
Bending angle and refractivity forward models upgraded for monitoring to reduce systematic biases |
| Met Office |
03/02/2015 |
PS35 |
Numerous changes, including implementation of the improved bending angle forward model for operational RO assimilation |
| Met Office |
15/03/2016 |
PS37 |
Numerous changes including the implementation of variational bias correction |
| Met Office |
15/11/2017 |
N/A |
Improved consistency in the forward model operator used by different systems. Avoids small jump in the biases that occurred from time to time |
This list describes changes to the operational global NWP systems at the Met Office and ECMWF. Such changes can affect the model backgrounds which are used to produce the NRT monitoring plots. Anticipated changes will be posted here in advance of the upgrades.
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